Intratumoral microorganisms within solid tumor TMEs significantly influence tumorigenesis and development by altering immune and metabolic patterns. Their diverse compositions and species contribute to the structural and functional heterogeneity of the TME, affecting tumor progression. Understanding the dual roles of these microbes in antitumor and protumor activities and their complex interactions with the TME enhances our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and development.
rcssci represents an innovative restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve optimization methodology within the R package ecosystem, designed to refine and elevate the visual elegance of conventional RCS curves. This advanced visualization method enhances the aesthetics of existing RCS curves, generating both statistically appropriate and artistically compelling density distributions. It adeptly uncovers meaningful correlations across RCS curves for diverse effect sizes while accentuating critical graphical elements such as reference thresholds for odds ratios (OR), risk ratios (RR), hazard ratios (HR), and morphologically optimized cut‐point values. Featuring straightforward installation and a user‐friendly interface, rcssci serves as an indispensable analytical toolkit to enhance the researcher’s comprehension of continuous exposure–outcome relationships through visualization prior to engaging with more complex machine learning‐driven correlation analyses. The rcssci package is available free of charge with an explicit reference to this publication. For comprehensive guidance on installation protocols, bug fixes, and accessing real‐time enhancements to the package, researchers are directed to consult the official announcements regarding the rcssci toolkit within the WeChat official account titled “实战医学统计” (in Chinese).
This multi‐omics study identified genetic loci, gut microbiota, blood metabolites, and gray matter volumes of orbitofrontal cortex and cerebellum that were potentially relevant to alerting in healthy Chinese adults. Subsequent two‐step one‐sample Mendelian randomization further revealed a serial mediation pathway: Bacteroides intestinalis influences the GMV of OFC and cerebellum through N‐pentadecanoylsphingosine‐1‐phosphocholine and alerting.
Chronic respiratory disease burden in the 2023‐defined WHO Western Pacific Region, 1990–2023: Using the Global Burden of Disease 2023 estimates, this study characterized the incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) in the 37 WHO Western Pacific Region Member States and areas as defined on 31 December 2023 (WPR‐37). Between 1990 and 2023, absolute numbers of incident cases, prevalent cases, deaths, and DALYs increased, whereas age‐standardized mortality and DALY rates declined substantially, indicating that population growth and aging expanded healthcare demand despite improvements in age‐standardized fatal and disabling outcomes. The remaining burden was concentrated among older adults and males and was dominated by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Tobacco smoking and air pollution were the leading selected modifiable contributors, followed by occupational exposure. Considerable heterogeneity was observed among selected major countries, supporting a policy pathway integrating tobacco control, air‐quality improvement, occupational protection, earlier detection, long‐term respiratory disease m…
This review summarizes organoid coculture platforms, including submerged Matrigel culture, air–liquid interface, microfluidic/organoid‐on‐a‐chip, and 3D bioprinting, for reconstructing the tumor microenvironment to study tumor–stroma/immune crosstalk, evaluate immunotherapies, and enable drug screening. Phenotypic readouts range from histology and multiomics to spatial transcriptomics and AI‐driven 3D imaging. We further discuss clinical applications, key challenges, and future directions, with an emphasis on translating these platforms toward clinically actionable personalized immunotherapy.
